Is it dangerous to take pictures of the sun without any filter?

I captured this photo a few minutes ago :

The circle you see is the Sun :|. When I was taking this picture, I was in Live-View Mode with F/22 and no UV Filter. You think it's dangerous for my camera?

I've used Canon 60D with Canon 50mm 1.4 Lens

Answer

The problem with doing what you did in Live View is that even though you are taking the photo at f/22, the aperture of your lens is likely at f/1.4 until you click the shutter. The energy of the sun is strong enough when focused by your lens to heat the internals of your camera very quickly. If things get hot enough, they will be damaged. Even if the heat doesn't cause damage, the voltages generated in the sensor's electronics may be enough to damage the circuitry. Thank goodness this camera wasn't in Live View with the shutter curtains open for the 1 minute it took the sun to do this through a 600mm lens during a flare test, during which the sun was just out of the frame but obviously just inside the lens' image circle, by Bryan at The-Digital-Picture.

The warnings almost all camera's manuals have against pointing the lens directly at the sun are there for a reason, and it isn't just so you can't blame the manufacturer when something goes wrong. Especially when the sun is almost directly overhead in a clear sky, the chance of damage is very real. The lower the sun is in the sky, the more clouds there are between the sun and your shooting location, or the more anything else (such as a filter) is absorbing some of the sun's energy the less likely it is that short periods of pointing your camera at the sun will result in damage. This is why it is fairly safe to take sunrise/sunset photos: due to the sun's angle it is passing trough many more miles of the earth's atmosphere than when it is high in the sky.

Your photo appears to have been taken when fairly thick clouds were absorbing a lot of the sun's energy. Even then, it would probably have been better in terms of risk to the camera to take the photo using normal shooting mode, when the shutter curtains protect the sensor until after the lens is stopped down to take the shot, than to use Live View which exposes to sensor to all of that energy with the aperture wide open both before and after the shot when the lens is briefly stopped down. Just be sure to protect your eyesight and do not look at the sun through the viewfinder at all when it is at or near full brightness high in the sky!