Thursday, 28 May 2015

camera settings - How to optimize detection of brightness changes in an immovable object?


My task


I want to use a digital camera to capture slow changes of an object for scientific purposes, subject to the following constraints:




  • The camera is a Canon EOS Rebel T5i.

  • The position of the object, camera, and lighting are fixed. Changes in lighting are negligible.

  • The object is about 20 cm from the camera.

  • My main interest is to capture small changes in brightness or colour of the light diffracted by the object by comparing subsequent pictures.

  • My secondary interest are details of the object’s surface or where the above changes happen, respectively.

  • I do not need to normalise photographs for comparison to references or similar. I only need to compare between photographs taken with the same camera.

  • Changes of the object happen on a timescale of roughly an hour.


Note that this is not for purposes of scientific illustration, but to gather scientific data. I essentially abuse the camera as a photon counter.


What I did so far




  • Use the raw CR2 format from the camera since it has a higher intensity resolution (about 14 bit) than any RGB-based formats (8 bit).

  • Disable all automatisms to avoid them getting in the way of comparing pictures.

  • Set the focus using autofocus on one exemplary object. Then switch to manual focus to freeze it.

  • Use the largest aperture (F2.8) for maximum sharpness.

  • Set ISO to 100 (the camera’s lowest native ISO) to reduce noise.

  • Set the exposure time to the highest value for which the raw data is not capped (except maybe for a few pixels).

  • Ignore other settings such as white balance, as they do not affect the raw data (but are applied in digital postprocessing).


Question



Is this approach reasonable or am I missing something?


My biggest concern is that the resulting exposure time is about ⅛ s, which does not use the full potential of what the context of the scientific experiment allows for, which would easily be 10 s of exposure time.


I know that I could technically combine data from several pictures, but this would be very tedious.




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