How to know correct exposure for RAW shooting when camera show JPEG Histogram

I heard that RAW Data is not the rendered data, which means it can’t be influenced by white balance, saturation, and all other settings.

I believe that “RAW Data” is influenced by the intensity of light but not the color (colors can be altered later as they are not the part of “RAW Data”)

Which means “RAW Data” can be influenced by “Exposure Compensation”

Now my question is, if the camera can show histogram which is rendered which means already influenced by color and other settings, then how can we decide correct level of light intensity (Exposure) which is relevant for RAW shoot (RAW Data) based on this camera Histogram (JPEG Histogram)

What Approach we will use to analysis camera Histogram (JPEG Histogram) for taking decision for RAW Shoot ?

There are 5 types of Camera Histogram (JPEG Histogram)

1. Luminosity (Light),


2. RGB (composite Light),


3. Red,


4. Green,


5. Blue

Do we use Camera histogram - “Luminosity (Light) histogram” and “RGB (composite Light) histogram” out of 5 histograms for RAW Data exposure analysis purpose as this gives a rough idea of exposure level which is actually required for RAW Data Shoot ?

----------------------------Updated question in simple words--------------------

"To above question, I am adding more filtered/sorted line to understand easyly :"

What approach (things we do/any setting in camera?) while shooting in RAW to decide correct exposure and our Camera/JPEG Histogram shows the nearest graph for RAW ?

Please tell me in very easy layman language example : so and so setting name/terminology what camera manufacturer used as I will be searching those terms in manual to do settings you can take base as Sony A6500 or Panasonic G9

Thanks.

Answer

In short: using the histograms correctly requires experience.

Though your assumption that raw data isn't influenced by colour is not correct, in the sense that colour information is stored through the effect of the bayer filter matrix. So light of the same intensity, but different colours (spectral compositions) will give a difference in the raw data.

And of course the raw data is influenced by the exposure compensation, as that changes the exposition parameters (time, F-stop and/or ISO, depending on shooting mode).

As for the histogram, it is based on the processed jpeg.
But in the normal shooting modes (PASM*), that processing is rather straight-forward, so with some experimentation (and perhaps modifying the camera settings) you can get a very good idea how much headroom you have left. E.g. after testing, you know that if the histogram is just not clipped, you can safely over-expose by 1.5 EV relative to the non-clipping exposure. But, your out-of-camera jpeg will look seriously over-exposed...
In addition, depending on your subject, you may not mind over-exposing parts of your image, if that means you get a better rendition of the shadows.

Note that to get the most reliable results when using the histogram to "expose to the right", you shouldn't use any setting that increases the apparent dynamic range of the processed image, you want your in-camera jpeg to get as little processing as possible.
(Those increases in the dynamic range are obtained through manipulation of the highlights in jpeg processing, exactly the part of the histogram you want to use to judge your exposition...)

I never use the scene modes, as they are largely irrelevant for my raw processing (many raw converters can't use the scene settings), so cannot comment on what happens there.

For normal situations (i.e. no predominant colour in the scene), the "luminance" or "composite light" is the histogram I usually use. If an important part of the image is occupied by a strong colour (e.g. a close-up of a red flower), I prefer using the individual channels. Especially red can be problematic here, and blues at the far end of the spectrum.

(*: P - programmed, A - aperture selection, S - shutter selection, M - full manual)