Canon is supposed to have introduced the EF-S system for the APS-C cameras to make smaller\lighter lenses and keep the costs low. However, most of their EF-S lenses are general purpose zooms in the range 15/17/18mm-55/85/135/200mm ones. There is only one telephoto zoom lens (55-250mm), and one prime* (60mm macro). In fact, most of the Canon non-L prime lenses seem to be a decade or 2 old and for the EF system.
While EF lenses are supported on APS-C bodies, they are much heavier and costlier. So, if one were to build a photography kit based on the EF-S system (primary constraints being cost & overall equipment weight), there are very few options to do so. The only high quality lenses are the 15-85mm & 17-55mm ones.
Are there any EF-S lenses (Canon or third party) that fill this gap for telephoto focal lengths and prime lenses? Is there any reason why Canon has not addressed this segment?
* Corrected the "no prime" mention based on the answers.
Answer
The EF-S mount allows the rear element of lenses to sit closer to the sensor. This makes wide angle lenses slightly easier to design. The format size (of APS-C) allows lenses to be made lighter as the image circle the lens projects can be smaller.
EF-S doesn't really make sense for telephoto lenses, as the rear element sits quite far from the mount anyway. You do save a little weight, but not much since the size of the front element is dictated by the aperture, regardless of the size of the image circle. For wider lenses the size of the front element is dictated by the angle of view more than the maximum aperture.
As for primes, Canon make one EF-S prime, the 60mm macro.
The story goes that Canon introduced the EF-S lenses to allow them to scale down existing lens designs as the basis for new lenses as opposed to creating a new optical formula from scratch. The EF-s 60mm macro is thus a scaled down version of the 100mm macro. I don't really buy this however, as if you look at the block designs there are some significant differences.
The relative dearth of primes for the format is probably based more around the target market, Canon sell a lot more APS-C bodies, and their users are more likely to prefer zooms.
The fact that they recently celebrated the 50 millionth camera and 70 millionth lens paints a stark picture, that the vast majority of users have just one lens, which is likely to be a standard zoom.
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