How many times is the image flipped (inverted) inside a standard Digital Single Lens Reflex camera?
Answer
The image forming lens flips the image once. For the imaging sensor, there is one flip.
The viewfinder is made up of a fold mirror, the one in the mirrorbox of the camera, a focusing screen, and either a pentaprism or two mirrors.
The fold mirror flips the image once, restoring it to "normal" parity. This means there are two inversions in a waist-level viewfinder.
The pentaprism/mirror flips the image a further two times and deviates it 90 degrees, giving two more flips.
As a result, the image is flipped four times between the lens and viewfinder.
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